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Orf is a virus that mainly affects young lambs and goats.
You can get it if you have a sore, cut or scratch that touches an infected animal or a contaminated surface, such as animal bedding.
You're most at risk if you have regular contact with sheep or goats, for example, if you're a farmer or if you bottle feed a lamb.
Orf causes scabs around the animal's nose and mouth, which may spread to their legs and teats. It's not usually serious but is passed easily between animals.
Sheep and goats can be vaccinated against the orf virus. But people can get infected if they come into contact with recently vaccinated or unvaccinated animals.
It's very rare for orf to be passed from one person to another.
Orf usually affects the skin on your fingers, hands, forearms or face.
To start with, the affected area of skin is small and may look a reddish-blue colour, or darker if you have brown or black skin. It may be itchy or tender.
Over a few weeks, the affected area of skin gets bigger and turns into a blister.
The blister is usually 2 to 3cm, but it can grow up to 5cm. It may leak fluid before crusting over.
Other symptoms of orf include:
There's no specific treatment for orf.
The blister on your skin should clear up in around 6 weeks. Cover it with a waterproof dressing to keep it clean and dry and stop it getting infected.
If it becomes infected, you may need antibiotics.
If it does not clear up by itself, your doctor may recommend creams, treatment to freeze the affected area of skin (cryotherapy) or minor surgery to remove the affected area of skin.
There are some things you can do to reduce your risk of getting orf.
wear latex gloves when touching sheep and goats
cover sores, cuts or scratches with a waterproof dressing, especially when handling sheep and goats
wash your hands with warm water and soap after touching animals
vaccinate sheep and goats against orf
regularly clean and disinfect barns and sheds where livestock is kept
Orf can affect some people more severely than others.
Your risk of getting complications is higher if you have a weakened immune system, for example, by having a condition like HIV, or a treatment like chemotherapy.
Possible complications of orf include:
